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Lorenz enciphered German strategic messages of high importance: the ability of Bletchley to read these contributed greatly to the Allied war effort. This method fed into work by others at Bletchley in understanding the ‘Lorenz’ cipher machine.

In July 1942, Turing developed a complex code-breaking technique he named ‘Turingery’. Turing’s role was pivotal in helping the Allies during the Battle of the Atlantic.

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This meant that – apart from during a period in 1942 when the code became unreadable – Allied convoys could be directed away from the U-boat 'wolf-packs'. He headed the ‘Hut 8’ team at Bletchley, which carried out cryptanalysis of all German naval signals. With the help of captured Enigma material, and Turing’s work in developing a technique he called 'Banburismus', the naval Enigma messages were able to be read from 1941. German U-boats were inflicting heavy losses on Allied shipping and the need to understand their signals was crucial. Turing also worked to decrypt the more complex German naval communications that had defeated many others at Bletchley. From mid-1940, German Air Force signals were being read at Bletchley and the intelligence gained from them was helping the war effort. This device helped to significantly reduce the work of the code-breakers.

Turing played a key role in this, inventing – along with fellow code-breaker Gordon Welchman – a machine known as the Bombe. This made the task of understanding the code even more difficult.

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Although Polish mathematicians had worked out how to read Enigma messages and had shared this information with the British, the Germans increased its security at the outbreak of war by changing the cipher system daily. The Enigma was a type of enciphering machine used by the German armed forces to send messages securely. In late spring of 2015, Elemental’s staff boxed up several servers and sent them to Ontario, Canada, for the third-party security company to test, the person says.The main focus of Turing’s work at Bletchley was in cracking the ‘Enigma’ code. These servers were assembled for Elemental by Super Micro Computer Inc., a San Jose-based company (commonly known as Supermicro) that’s also one of the world’s biggest suppliers of server motherboards, the fiberglass-mounted clusters of chips and capacitors that act as the neurons of data centers large and small. The first pass uncovered troubling issues, prompting AWS to take a closer look at Elemental’s main product: the expensive servers that customers installed in their networks to handle the video compression. To help with due diligence, AWS, which was overseeing the prospective acquisition, hired a third-party company to scrutinize Elemental’s security, according to one person familiar with the process. Elemental’s national security contracts weren’t the main reason for the proposed acquisition, but they fit nicely with Amazon’s government businesses, such as the highly secure cloud that Amazon Web Services (AWS) was building for the CIA. Its technology had helped stream the Olympic Games online, communicate with the International Space Station, and funnel drone footage to the Central Intelligence Agency.

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Based in Portland, Ore., Elemental made software for compressing massive video files and formatting them for different devices. began quietly evaluating a startup called Elemental Technologies, a potential acquisition to help with a major expansion of its streaming video service, known today as Amazon Prime Video.

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